Introduction
GLP-1 drugs are fast changing the treatment landscape for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Most forms of the medication are injectable, but that’s changing, with new pill form variants in development.
If you’re squeamish when it comes to possibly injecting yourself weekly, there is some good news. In particular, GLP-1 variants in pill form are on the market.
In this article, we’ll discuss GLP-1 in pill form, what options are currently available, and what’s on the horizon.
What Is GLP-1?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar, appetite, and insulin production.
Meanwhile, GLP-1 receptor agonists (RAs) mimic this hormone. In particular, they slow digestion, reduce appetite, and support better blood sugar control after meals.
Overall, these medications are widely prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes. Notably, many also have approval for weight management in obese or overweight adults.
Traditionally, GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy come as injectable pens. But pharmaceutical innovation is changing this with versions in pill form.
Evolution of GLP-1 Medications
Injectable GLP-1s have proven effective, but not everyone is comfortable with needles or weekly self-injections. Hence, pill variants such as Rybelsus are available.
Initially, developing a pill form of GLP-1 took years. The main challenge? GLP-1 drugs are peptides, which degrade quickly in the stomach.
Hence, scientists needed a solution that protected the drug through digestion. In addition, they also needed to help it get absorbed into the bloodstream.
Novo Nordisk eventually solved this by combining the GLP-1 RA semaglutide with absorption-enhancing technology. Eventualy, this led to the first GLP-1 pill.
GLP-1 Pill Form Available Today
Rybelsus (Oral Semaglutide)
Rybelsus is currently the only GLP-1 pill with FDA approval. Specifically, it contains semaglutide, the same active ingredient found in Ozempic.
With its approval in 2019, Rybelsus was a major breakthrough. Doctors prescribed it for adults with type 2 diabetes to improve blood sugar control.
In particular, each tablet contains semaglutide and a compound called SNAC—short for sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate. SNAC protects the drug and helps it pass through the stomach lining.
You must take Rybelsus first thing in the morning, on an empty stomach, with a small amount of water. Next, wait 30 minutes to eat.
Doses start at 3 mg daily and may increase based on your doctor’s guidance. Patients often step up to 7 mg or 14 mg.
Other GLP-1 Pill Products
While Rybelsus is the only GLP-1 pill today with FDA, companies are developing alternatives.
In particular, Novo Nordisk is exploring extended-release oral semaglutide. The pharmaceutical company has also stepped one step closer for receiving approval for an oral version of Wegovy, at 25mg.
On May 2, 2025, the FDA accepted Novo Nordisk’s application for the new pill format. In particular, this version targets adults with obesity or are overweight with at least one health-related condition. This could be in the form of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or high cholesterol.
The market should expect a decision by the fourth quarter of 2025.
Based on Phase 3 OASIS 4 trial data, patients on pill form Wegovy lost a significant amount of weight versus those on placebo.
“We are entering a new era in obesity treatment, where patients want individualized treatment plans that meet their needs and offer choices, including oral formulations,” remarked Anna Windle, Director of Clinical Development, Medical & Regulatory Affairs at Novo Nordisk.
Meanwhile, other pharmaceutical firms are also experimenting with different GLP-1 analogs in pill form.
As of now, no other oral GLP-1 agonists are commercially available, but the future looks promising.
Is There A Generic GLP-1 Pill?
Currently, there are no generic versions of pill form GLP-1 medications like Rybelsus available in the United States.
Rybelsus is under patent protection, which prevents generic competition until at least 2032, depending on regulatory approvals.
This exclusivity means higher costs for patients who prefer a pill over injections.
Generic drug versions usually enter the market after a drug’s patent expires, potentially reducing prices by 80% or more.
Until then, brand-name GLP-1 pills are the only option. Always check with your insurance provider for coverage details.
Pill Form: Pros and Cons
Pros of GLP-1 Pills
- No needles or injections necessary
- Easy to take for people with injection anxiety
- Can improve medication adherence for many patients
Cons of GLP-1 Pills
- Must be taken under strict conditions: empty stomach, small water amount, and waiting period
- May be less potent or slower acting than injectable forms
- Not suitable for patients needing rapid weight loss or intense glucose control
In clinical studies, Rybelsus performs well—but not as strongly as injectable semaglutide in some patients.
Hence, choosing a GLP-1 form depends on your health needs, lifestyle, and preference for convenience.
Before Starting a GLP-1 Pill
Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any GLP-1 medication, including Rybelsus. Moreover, discuss your health goals, weight loss plans, and any conditions that could affect your treatment.
Cost is another factor. While pills are more convenient, insurance doesn’t always covered them at the same rate as injectables.
Additionally, Rybelsus may cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, or weaker appetite—similar to its injectable counterparts.
Hence, consider whether you can consistently follow the timing and fasting rules required for effective absorption.
Future of Pill Form GLP-1
GLP-1 medications are changing how we treat diabetes and manage weight—and they’re no longer just injectable.
In particular, Rybelsus offers a convenient, once-daily oral option for those seeking an alternative to needles.
While it’s currently the only pill form on the market, new options are in development and could launch in coming years.
No generic GLP-1 pills exist yet, but they may appear once patents expire—likely making treatment more affordable.
If you’re considering a GLP-1 medication, talk to your provider about whether the pill form is right for you.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are GLP-1 drugs safe for long-term use?
Studies show they are generally safe, though side effects like nausea, vomiting, and gallbladder issues may occur.
Can you buy Wegovy over the counter?
Yes, generally, Wegovy is available in pharmacies across the United States. To secure a prescription, contact a prescriber and talk about your health and weight management priorities.
Are GLP-1 drugs and probiotics the same?
No. GLP-1 drugs are synthetic. Probiotics support your body’s own production of GLP-1 via gut bacteria.
Which probiotics produce GLP-1?
To clarify, probiotics don’t necessarily produce GLP-1. But some probiotics do stimulate and boost GLP-1 secretion. Some examples include Akkermansia municiphilia, certain lactobacillus strians, bifidobacterium strains, and Clostridium butyricum.
Can I stop a GLP-1 drug if I get side effects?
Yes, but always talk to your doctor first because some side effects improve with time. Meanwhile, others may signal a serious issue.
What drugs should you not take with semaglutide?
Unless you’ve cleared their use with your doctor, you should not take aspirin and other drugs for appetite control. In addition, you should also not take with semaglutide medicines for colds, asthma, cough, or sinus problems.
Are GLP-1 supplements the same as Ozempic?
No. Ozempic is a prescription drug. Meanwhile, GLP-1 supplements like those from Brello use natural ingredients to support GLP-1 activity, not replace it.
Photo: Freepik
